This paper presents a dataset capturing indoor environmental factors—including temperature, humidity, air quality, and noise levels—collected from 10 sensing devices installed in various locations within three single-family houses in Virginia, USA. The primary objective was to monitor and analyze indoor environmental conditions over time. Data were recorded at one-minute intervals for approximately one year, resultingContinue reading “A Comprehensive Indoor Environment Dataset from Single-Family Houses in the US”
Author Archives: Ray Gao
CPS 2025 Workshop Recap | Grateful and Inspired!
On April 4th, we hosted the 2025 Workshop on Interdisciplinary Research on Cyber-Physical Systems: Applications, Security, and Education at Virginia Tech. It was an energizing day of cross-disciplinary exchange, collaboration, and vision-building for the future of CPS. I was honored to co-organize this event with Dr. Na Meng and Dr. Daphne Yao—thank you both forContinue reading “CPS 2025 Workshop Recap | Grateful and Inspired!”
Developing a Machine-Learning Model to Predict Clash Resolution Options
Abstract Even with the utilization of software tools like Navisworks to automate clash detection, clash resolution in construction projects remains a slow and manual process. The reason is the meticulous nature of the process where coordinators need to ensure that resolving one clash does not lead to new clashes. The use of machine learning toContinue reading “Developing a Machine-Learning Model to Predict Clash Resolution Options”
Design and Usability Evaluation of an Annotated Video–Based Learning Environment for Construction Engineering Education
Abstract Advancement in video technology has made it possible for instructors to provide students with applied knowledge of construction practice. While videos can stimulate students’ interest in the construction domain by providing opportunities to observe real-life construction work, videos can sometimes contain extraneous information that may distract learners from essential learning contents. Computer vision techniquesContinue reading “Design and Usability Evaluation of an Annotated Video–Based Learning Environment for Construction Engineering Education”
Towards automated occupant profile creation in smart buildings: A machine learning-enabled approach for user persona generation
Highlights Abstract The user persona is a communication tool for designers to generate a mental model that describes the archetype of users. Developing building occupant personas is proven to be an effective method for human-centered smart building design, which considers occupant comfort, behavior, and energy consumption. Optimization of building energy consumption also requires a deepContinue reading “Towards automated occupant profile creation in smart buildings: A machine learning-enabled approach for user persona generation”
Assistance from the Ambient Intelligence: Cyber–physical system applications in smart buildings for cognitively declined occupants
Abstract Caregivers have traditionally provided assistance and care to patients with cognitive decline, but this has resulted in financial and emotional burdens for both caregivers and patients, impacting their quality of life. To address this issue, Ambient Assistive Living (AAL) technologies that incorporate Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) can replace or complement caregivers by enabling intelligentContinue reading “Assistance from the Ambient Intelligence: Cyber–physical system applications in smart buildings for cognitively declined occupants”
Construction Practice Knowledge for Complementing Classroom Teaching during Site Visits
Abstract Purpose As video-based interventions are continuously utilized as alternatives to physical site visits, directing students’ attention to specific learning contents within videos could increase their comprehension and stimulate their interest. Students’ knowledge of construction practice can be reinforced, misconceptions and improper inferences can be reduced by calling out significant learning concepts. However, few studiesContinue reading “Construction Practice Knowledge for Complementing Classroom Teaching during Site Visits”
Industry Perception of the Suitability of Wearable Robot for Construction Work
Abstract Work-related musculoskeletal disorders is a serious problem affecting the construction workforce. Pipe workers are subjected to forward bending tasks that cause back injuries. Recent advancements in wearable robotic technologies have led to a growing interest in the use of back-support exoskeletons as a potential solution to reduce the occurrences of back injuries. However, withoutContinue reading “Industry Perception of the Suitability of Wearable Robot for Construction Work”
Graph-Based Simulation for Cyber-Physical Attacks on Smart Buildings
Abstract As buildings evolve toward the envisioned smart building paradigm, smart buildings’ cybersecurity issues, and physical security issues are mingling. Although research studies have been conducted to detect and prevent physical (or cyber) intrusions to smart building systems (SBS), it is still unknown (1) how one type of intrusion facilitates the other and (2) howContinue reading “Graph-Based Simulation for Cyber-Physical Attacks on Smart Buildings”
Internet of Things Enabled Data Acquisition Framework for Smart Building Applications
Abstract With the networks of sophisticated sensors and devices, building systems have the potential to serve as the infrastructure that provides essential data for the Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled smart city paradigm. However, current building systems lack intersystem connectivity or exposure to the more extensive networks of IoT devices. In this paper, the authors proposeContinue reading “Internet of Things Enabled Data Acquisition Framework for Smart Building Applications”
Ray Gao's Cabinet of Curiosities 